Read this article to learn about:- 1. Meaning of Non-Parametric Tests 2. Important Types of Non-Parametric Tests 3. Non-Parametric Vs. Distribution-Free Tests. Meaning of Non-Parametric Tests: Statistical tests that do not require the estimate of population variance or mean and do not state hypotheses about parameters are considered non-parametric tests. Non-parametric tests are also referred […]
Non-Parametric Tests: Meaning and Types | Data Analysis | Statistics
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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | Data Analysis | Statistics
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ANOVA was developed by Prof. R.A. Fisher on Agriculturist who made an extensive use of this statistical technique in his agriculture experiment. In statistics the term ANOVA mean analysis of variance, which is one of the best advanced statistical technique in the field of professional business, physical sciences. Agriculture experiments and Economic theory. In the […]
Types of Graphs and Diagrams | Data Analysis | Statistics
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Generally the following types of graphs are used in representing frequency distribution: 1. Histograms 2. Frequency Polygon 3. Frequency Curve 4. Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive 5. Bar Diagram 6. Area of Diagram 7. Circle or Pie Diagram 8. Prisms 9. Cartogram and Map Diagrams 10. Pictogram. Type # 1. Histrogram: In drawing the histrogram […]
Applications of Chi-Square Test | Statistics
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Read this article to learn about the applications of Chi-Square test in analyzing statistical data. Goodness of Fit: Habitat Use: If you are looking for habitat selection or avoidance in a species (e.g., black bear), you can use a goodness of fit test to see if the animals are using habitat in proportion to its […]
Multiplicative Law of Probability | Data Analysis | Statistics
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Then if the two classifications are independent of each other, a cell probability will equal the product of its respective row and column probabilities in accordance with the multiplicative law of probability. Example of obtaining Column and Row Probabilities: For example, the probability that a particular defect will occur in shift 1 and is of […]
Contingency Tables and Tests for Independence of Factors | Statistics
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Read this article to learn about the contingency tables and tests for independence of factors for data analysis. Survival: Is the probability of being male or female independent of being alive or dead? Let us use data on ruffed grouse. You collect mortality data from 100 birds you radio-collared and test the following hypothesis: Ho: […]
Chi-Square Test (x2): Distribution and Properties | Statistics
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The Chi-Square distribution is a mathematical distribution that is used directly or indirectly in many tests of significance. The most common use of the chi square distribution is to test differences between proportions. Although this test is by no means the only test based on the chi square distribution, it has come to be known […]
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) | Statistics
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Read this article to learn about:- 1. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Introduction and Uses 2. Use of SPSS 3. Overview. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Introduction and Uses: SPSS is a software package used for conducting statistical analyses, manipulating data, and generating tables and graphs that summarize data. Statistical analyses range from […]
How is Harmonic Mean Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics
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Harmonic Mean (HM) is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic average of the reciprocal of the value of various items. It can be solved through the following formula: In Case of Individual Series: Example 1: Calculate the HM from the following data: X: 18 12 16 21 7 9 Solution: Calculation of […]
Measures of Central Tendency | Data Analysis | Statistics
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Read this article to learn about:- 1. Meaning and Objectives of an Average 2. Types of Average 3. Which Average is best in the Measure of Central Tendency? Meaning and Objectives of an Average: An average is a value which represents the entire data in a series by one figure. It has much significance because […]
3 Main Forms of Frequency Curve (With Diagram) | Statistics
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This article throws light upon the four main forms of frequency curves. The forms are: 1. Symmetrical Unimodal Curve 2. Moderately Asymmetrical (Skew) Distribution 3. Extremely Skew (J- Shaped) 4. U-Shaped or Antimodal Curves. Form # 1. Symmetrical Unimodal Curve: Point of maximum in the middle and the curve is symmetrical on both sides. Form […]
How is Mode Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics
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The mode is defined to be size of the variable which occurs most frequently or the point of maximum frequency or the point of maximum frequency or the point of greatest density. It is also an important measure of central tendency. For example, we have given the data, that is, 19, 21, 20, 19, 19, […]
How is Median Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics
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When the observations are arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude, then the middle value is known as median of these observations. Let x1, x2 ….xn be n observations arranged in the ascending order of magnitudes. Median is defined as the ‘middle most’ term, that is, the value of x at the position n+1/2, […]
How is Geometric Mean Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics
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Geometric mean is defined as the Nth root of the product of N items. For example, if we have two items then we will take square root, if we take three items then we take cube root and so on. It can be calculated from following formula: Where X1 X2 …. Xn = various items […]
Measures of Central Tendency: 10 Problems and Solutions | Statistics
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Here is a compilation of top twenty-eight problems on the measures of central tendency along with its relevant solutions. Problem 1: Calculate the mean using different methods: Solution: (i) X̅ Under direct method X̅ = 3300/100 = 33 (ii) X̅ short-cut method X̅ = 25 + 800/100 = 25 + 8 = 33 100 (iii) […]
Measures of Central Tendency: Problems and Solutions | Statistics
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Here is a compilation of top twenty-eight problems on the measures of central tendency along with its relevant solutions. Problem 1: A firm buys machinery worth Rs. 2,00,000 every year and writes off depreciation as given below: Find the average depreciation rate per year. Solution: Now, arranging the data for 3 parts, we find Calculation […]