Archive | Science

Underground modified stems are found under the surface of soil and store food materials due to which they become quite thick and fleshy. They are usually brownish,whitish or yellowish…

A typical foliage leaf has three main parts. They are leaf base, petiole and lamina which are discussed in detail….

On the basis of origin and function, leaves are of he following types like Cotyledonary Leaves, Bract leaves or hypsophylls, Scale leaves or cataphylls, Prophylls, Floral leaves or sporophylls…

Leaves of some plants have lateral appendages on each side of leaf base, known as stipules. The leaves without stipules are known as exstipulate. Stipules are usually green, but sometimes appear…

The difference between Phylloclade & Phyllode are Phylloclade is the modification of stem whereas Phyllode is the modification of petiole…

The difference between a simple and a compound leaf are simple leaf has a single lamina whereas compound leaf is divided into many small leaf-lets….

Flower is a group of reproductive organs of the flowering plants, which develops fruits and seeds and thus helps in forming new offspring of the plant. From morphological point of view flower is…

The difference between branch bearing simple leaves & a compound leaf are in branch bearing simple leaves a branch develops from the axillary bud present in the axil of a leaf whereas in compound leaf…

Calyx is the outer-most whorl and is made up of sepals which are usually green but sometimes coloured (petaloid) as in garden nasturtium. In dicotyledons usually the number of sepals is five and in monocotyledons usually three…

Corolla  is the second whorl of flower and made up of petals. In dicotyledons the number of petals is usually five (variation from 2-10) and in monocotyledons three. The petals may be polypetalous…

The parts of a flower are androecium, gynoecium and placentation which are explained…

The kinds of ovules are Orthotropous (Straight), Anatropous (Inverted), Hemitropous, Campylotropous, Amphitropous, Circinotropous…

Polyembryony is the phenomenon of development of more than one embryos in a seed. It was discovered by Leeuwenhock in 1719 in orange. It may be of two types…

The substitution of usual sexual reproduction by a form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis and syngamy is called apomixis, a term introduced by Winkler in 1908…

The endorsperm is important because it is the main source of food for the em­bryo. In gymnosperms it is haploid and is formed by the repeated divisions of megaspore nucleus, (i.e., female gametophyte and…

Factors affecting the rate of transpiration in plants are divided into two i.e. external factors and internal factors…